Drug Distribution Drug distribution is the reversible transfer of a drug from the systemic circulation to various tissues, organs, and body fluids of the body following its absorption, influenced by physiological and physicochemical factors such as blood flow, plasma protein binding, tissue affinity, and membrane permeability. Factors Affecting Drug Distribution Blood flow: Well-perfused organs receive […]
Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics is derived from the Greek word i.e., “Pharmacon” means Drugs and “Dynamics” means Action. It is the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drug and their mechanism of action at organ level and cellular level. “What the drugs does to the body when they administered”. Site of drugs action Extracellular Cellular Intracellular Principle/types
Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics is derived from the Greek word i.e. “Pharmacon” means Drugs and “Dynamics” means Action. It is the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drug and their mechanism of action at organ level and cellular level. “What the drugs does to the body when they administered”. Site of drugs action Extracellular Cellular Intracellular
Absorption Drug absorption is the process by which a drug moves from its site of administration into the systemic circulation. It is a crucial step in pharmacokinetics, as only the absorbed fraction of a drug is capable of producing a pharmacological effect. The rate and extent of absorption influence the onset, intensity, and duration of
Mechanism of drug absorption Passive diffusion Active transport Facilitated diffusion pinocytosis pore transport ion pair formation Passive Diffusion Passive diffusion is the most common mechanism of drug absorption. In this process, drug molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across the cell membrane without the use of energy
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ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION Routes of drug administration are defined as the various pathways or methods through which pharmaceutical agents are introduced into the body to elicit either localized or systemic therapeutic effects. 1. By Extent of Action A. Systemic RoutesReach the bloodstream and act throughout the body. 1. Enteral routes · Oral · Sublingual
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Pharmacy · Pharmacy is a health profession and scientific discipline that deals with the discovery, preparation, dispensing, and appropriate use of medicines to ensure safe, effective, and rational therapy. · It acts as a vital link between medical science and patient care, focusing not only on the formulation and quality of drugs but also
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Authoritative drug information is obtained from official compendia and reference texts. Major pharmacopeias include: Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) British Pharmacopoeia (BP) European Pharmacopoeia (EP) United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Additional key sources include the National Formulary, Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, the Physician’s Desk Reference, evidence-based monographs and drug evaluation texts, peer-reviewed journals, drug bulletins, and reputable
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Pharmacology provides the scientific basis for rational therapeutics. It helps: Explain how and why drugs produce desired therapeutic effects and undesired adverse effects. Predict the likely actions of new chemicals so that safer and more effective drugs can be designed. Guide the development of synthetic molecules and novel delivery systems. Its scope has expanded to
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Pharmacology The word “pharmacology” originates from two Greek terms: “pharmakon,” meaning drug or medicine, and “logos,” meaning study or science. Definition Pharmacology is the branch of science concerned with the study of drug actions on living organisms. It serves as a vital link between basic medical science and clinical practice, helping us understand how drugs work and how they can be used safely
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